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1.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 43(3): 269-276, May-June 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1249196

ABSTRACT

Objective: Sepsis survivors present a wide range of sequelae; few studies have evaluated psychiatric disorders after sepsis. The objective of this study was to define the prevalence of and risk factors for anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in sepsis survivors. Method: Anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress symptoms in severe sepsis and septic shock survivors 24 h and 1 year after intensive care unit (ICU) discharge were assessed using the Beck Anxiety/Depression Inventories and the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version. Differences in psychiatric symptoms over time and the influence of variables on these symptoms were calculated with marginal models. Results: A total of 33 patients were enrolled in the study. The frequencies of anxiety, depression and PTSD 24 h after ICU discharge were 67%, 49%, and 46%, respectively and, among patients re-evaluated 1 year after ICU discharge, the frequencies were 38%, 50%, and 31%, respectively. Factors associated with PTSD included serum S100B level, age, and Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) score. Factors associated with depression included patient age and cumulative dose of dobutamine. IQCODE score and cumulative dose of haloperidol in the ICU were associated with anxiety after ICU discharge. Conclusion: Patients who survive sepsis have high levels of psychiatric symptoms. Sepsis and associated treatment-related exposures may have a role in increasing the risk of subsequent depression, anxiety, and PTSD.


Subject(s)
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/etiology , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology , Sepsis , Anxiety/etiology , Anxiety/epidemiology , Patient Discharge , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Survivors , Depression/etiology , Depression/epidemiology , Intensive Care Units
2.
Cad. Saúde Pública (Online) ; 37(9): e00135920, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1345631

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Two important aspects must be accounted for when discussing the mental health of first responders and, in particular, their report of post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). The first concerns the provision of quantitative data from longitudinal study designs, the second concerns the sophistication of the work-related model used to frame such studies. This is a report on the development of a model for Brazilian firefighters who also work as first responders, from the establishment of a longitudinal panel design study, the Brazilian Firefighter Longitudinal Health Study (FLoHS). The first objective was to compare trainee and active firefighters based on their follow-up data with a nationwide sample of similarly aged Brazilians. The second was to test the effect that operational and organizational experiences had on firefighters' PTSS level during follow up. At baseline, trainee firefighters came from higher socioeconomic backgrounds, were healthier and less exposed to trauma compared to a similarly aged national sample. At follow up, they reported higher prevalence of smoking, sleep problems, anhedonia and were more likely to be overweight. PTSS was predicted by operational and organizational stressors, even when controlled for health status at baseline. The results present not only the differences in the predictive status of operational and organizational events in relation to PTSS, but also how the effects of such events might interact. The data suggest the need for evidence-based interventions, support provided and changes at work environments to improve report rates for mental health in general and for PTSS in particular.


Resumo: Há duas questões subjacentes importantes na saúde mental dos socorristas, e particularmente em seu relato de sintomas de transtorno de estresse pós-traumático (TEPT). A primeira diz respeito à produção de dados quantitativos a partir do delineamento de estudos longitudinais, e a segunda está relacionada à sofisticação do modelo relacionado ao trabalho para contextualizar tais estudos. O artigo aborda o desenvolvimento de um modelo para bombeiros brasileiros, que também são socorristas, através do estabelecimento de um estudo com delineamento de painel longitudinal, chamado Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde em Bombeiros Brasileiros (FLoHS). O primeiro objetivo foi a comparação de bombeiros estagiários versus efetivados com base em dados de seguimento com uma amostra nacional de brasileiros com idades semelhantes. O segundo objetivo foi testar o efeito das experiências operacionais e organizacionais sobre os níveis de sintomas de TEPT nos bombeiros durante o seguimento. Na linha de base, os bombeiros estagiários vinham de origens socioeconômicas mais favoráveis e eram mais saudáveis e menos expostos a trauma, em comparação com uma amostra nacional da população com idade semelhante. No seguimento, os estagiários relatavam maior prevalência de tabagismo, problemas de sono, anedonia e maior sobrepeso. Os sintomas de TEPT eram previstos por estressores operacionais e organizacionais, mesmo despois de controlar para o estado de saúde na linha de base. Os resultados apontaram não apenas para diferenças no estado preditivo dos eventos operacionais e organizacionais em relação aos sintomas de TEPT, como também, para a maneira pela qual esses eventos podem interagir em termos de efeitos. Assim, os dados sugerem intervenções baseadas em evidências, apoio através do trabalho e organização do trabalho que possam melhorar as taxas de notificação para saúde mental em geral e sintomas de TEPT em particular.


Resumen: Existen dos importantes temas subyacentes a la salud mental de los trabajadores de primeros auxilios y, uno en particular, es la manifestación de síntomas de estrés postraumático (PTSS). El primero está relacionado con la provisión de datos cuantitativos, procedentes de estudios de diseños longitudinales, y, el segundo, con la sofisticación según el modelo de trabajo usado para enmarcar tales estudios. Este trabajo informó del desarrollo de un modelo para los bomberos brasileños, que también son trabajadores de primeros auxilios, mediante el establecimiento de un estudio de diseño longitudinal: el Estudio Longitudinal de Salud en Bomberos Brasileños (FloHS). El primer objetivo fue comparar bomberos entrenados y activos, basándonos en sus datos de seguimiento, con una muestra nacional de brasileños en edades similares. El segundo objetivo fue probar el efecto que las experiencias operacionales y organizativas tuvieron en el nivel de PTSS entre los bomberos durante el seguimiento. En la base de referencia, los bomberos entrenados contaban con antecedentes socioeconómicos más altos, estaban más sanos y menos expuestos al trauma, cuando se comparan con una muestra nacional de población en edad similar. Durante el seguimiento, informaron de una prevalencia más alta de fumadores, problemas de sueño, anhedonia y tenían más probabilidad de tener sobrepeso. Los PTSS se predijeron mediante estresores operacionales y organizativos, incluso controlando el estatus de salud en la base de referencia. Los resultados apuntaron no solo las diferencias en el estatus predictivo de eventos operacionales y organizativos, en relación con PTSS, sino también la forma en la que tal vez tales eventos interactúan en sus efectos. De este modo, los datos animan intervenciones basadas en la evidencia, además de apoyo mediante el trabajo y diseño de intervenciones, que tal vez mejore las tasas de informes para la salud mental en general y para los PTSS en particular.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/etiology , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology , Firefighters , Brazil/epidemiology , Mental Health , Longitudinal Studies
3.
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1180852

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the influence of oral and maxillofacial trauma on the development of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and to determine the efficiency of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) as a diagnostic tool for detecting PTSD in patients with Oral and Maxillofacial injuries. Material and Methods: PTSD was assessed one month postoperatively by the diagnostic instrument, IES-R, to arrive at a provisional diagnosis. A structured clinician-administered PTSD Scale then assessed the patients for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5th edition (CAPS-5) to establish a final diagnosis. The assessment of the severity of PTSD was done based on various types of oral and maxillofacial injuries. Results: The IES-R scale provisionally diagnosed 54 subjects with PTSD, out of which 42 were diagnosed to have PTSD by the CAPS-5 scale. Subjects with injuries involving the 'orbital complex,' those presenting with a perceptible scar in the maxillofacial region and with multiple avulsed/ luxated anterior teeth, showed a higher affinity to develop PTSD, and this was statistically significant. Conclusion: Higher levels of PTSD in patients with injuries to the maxillofacial region warrants correct diagnosis and detection, and hence the maxillofacial surgeon plays a vital role in this regard. The IES-R is a useful diagnostic tool to detect PTSD early.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/etiology , Early Diagnosis , Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons , Maxillofacial Injuries/diagnosis , Chi-Square Distribution , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , India/epidemiology
6.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 40(2): 220-225, Apr.-June 2018.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-959217

ABSTRACT

Objective: There is growing evidence supporting the association between migration and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Considering the growing population of migrants and the particularities of providing culturally sensitive mental health care for these persons, clinicians should be kept up to date with the latest information regarding this topic. The objective of this study was to critically review the literature regarding migration, trauma and PTSD, and mental health services. Methods: The PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, and ISI Web of Science databases were searched for articles published in Portuguese, English, Spanish, or French, and indexed from inception to 2017. The following keywords were used: migration, mental health, mental health services, stress, posttraumatic stress disorder, and trauma. Results: Migration is associated with specific stressors, mainly related to the migratory experience and to the necessary process of acculturation occurring in adaptation to the host country. These major stressors have potential consequences in many areas, including mental health. The prevalence of PTSD among migrants is very high (47%), especially among refugees, who experience it at nearly twice the rate of migrant workers. Conclusions: Mental health professionals must be trained to recognize and provide appropriate care for posttraumatic and/or stress-related disorders among migrants.


Subject(s)
Humans , Refugees/psychology , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology , Transients and Migrants/psychology , Acculturation , Mental Health Services , Refugees/statistics & numerical data , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/etiology , Transients and Migrants/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Mental Health , Health Personnel
8.
Rev. bras. enferm ; 71(supl.5): 2139-2145, 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-977624

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the relationship of post-traumatic stress symptoms and the perception of social support in women submitted to Severe Maternal Morbidity (SMM). Method: A prospective cohort study, with 549 women from public hospitals. The Impact of Events and Social Support scales were used. Results: Women with SMM were from the State countryside (p=0.046), with low schooling (p=0.039) and did not work (p<0.001). They presented higher consumption of alcoholic beverages (p<0.001), did not perform prenatal (p<0.001), and were older (28.15 ± 28 years). Women with SMM had higher mean values of avoidance behavior (24.32, SD: 4.16), intrusive thinking (18.28, SD: 3.80), lower social support (0.11, SD: 0.001) with large effect size and lower social support satisfaction (0.69; SD: 0.19), with small effect size. Conclusion: SMM is a differential and negative factor for women's mental health, and social support can favor their coping.


RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la relación de síntomas de estrés postraumático y la percepción del soporte social en mujeres sometidas a la Morbilidad Materna Grave (MMG). Método: Estudio de corte prospectivo, con 549 mujeres de hospitales públicos. Se utilizaron las escalas de Impacto de Eventos y de Soporte Social. Resultados: las mujeres con MMG provenían del interior del estado (p = 0,046), con baja escolaridad (p = 0,039) y no trabajaban (p <0,001). En el caso de las bebidas alcohólicas (p <0,001), no realizaron prenatal (p <0,001), y eran mayores (28,15 ± 28 años). Las mujeres expuestas a la MMG tuvieron promedios más altos de comportamiento de esquiva (24,32, DP: 4,16), pensamiento intrusivo (18,28, DP: 3,80), menor soporte social (0,11, DP: 0,001) con tamaño de efecto grande y menor satisfacción del soporte social (0,69, DP: 0,19) con tamaño de efecto pequeño. Conclusión: La MMG es un factor diferencial y negativo para la salud mental de las mujeres, y el apoyo social puede favorecer su enfrentamiento.


RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a relação de sintomas de estresse pós-traumático e a percepção do suporte social em mulheres submetidas à Morbidade Materna Grave (MMG). Método: Estudo de coorte prospectivo, com 549 mulheres de hospitais públicos. Foram utilizadas as escalas de Impacto de Eventos e de Suporte Social. Resultados: Mulheres com MMG eram oriundas do interior do estado (p=0,046), com baixa escolaridade (p=0,039) e não trabalhavam (p<0,001). Apresentavam maior consumo de bebidas alcoólicas (p<0,001), não realizaram pré-natal (p<0,001), e eram mais velhas (28,15±28 anos). As mulheres com MMG tiveram maiores médias de comportamento de esquiva (24,32; DP: 4,16), pensamento intrusivo (18,28; DP: 3,80), menor suporte social (0,11; DP: 0,001) com tamanho de efeito grande e menor satisfação do suporte social (0,69; DP: 0,19), com tamanho de efeito pequeno. Conclusão: A MMG é um fator diferencial e negativo para a saúde mental das mulheres, e o apoio social pode favorecer o seu enfrentamento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Aged , Perception , Social Support , Morbidity , Psychometrics/instrumentation , Psychometrics/methods , Rural Population/statistics & numerical data , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/etiology , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology , Stress, Psychological/etiology , Stress, Psychological/psychology , Brazil , Prevalence , Prospective Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Cohort Studies , Middle Aged
10.
Trends psychiatry psychother. (Impr.) ; 39(2): 135-143, Apr.-June 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-904571

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objectives Earthquakes are unpredictable and devastating natural disasters. They can cause massive destruction and loss of life and survivors may suffer psychological symptoms of severe intensity. Our goal in this article is to review studies published in the last 20 years to compile what is known about posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) occurring after earthquakes. The review also describes other psychiatric complications that can be associated with earthquakes, to provide readers with better overall understanding, and discusses several sociodemographic factors that can be associated with post-earthquake PTSD Method A search for literature was conducted on major databases such as MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO and in neurology and psychiatry journals, and many other medical journals. Terms used for electronic searches included, but were not limited to, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), posttraumatic symptoms, anxiety, depression, major depressive disorder, earthquake, and natural disaster. The relevant information was then utilized to determine the relationships between earthquakes and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Results It was found that PTSD is the most commonly occurring mental health condition among earthquake survivors. Major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, social phobia, and specific phobias were also listed. Conclusion The PTSD prevalence rate varied widely. It was dependent on multiple risk factors in target populations and also on the interval of time that had elapsed between the exposure to the deadly incident and measurement. Females seemed to be the most widely-affected group, while elderly people and young children exhibit considerable psychosocial impact.


Resumo Objetivos Terremotos são desastres naturais imprevisíveis e devastadores. Eles podem causar destruição em massa e morte, e os sobreviventes podem apresentar sintomas psicológicos severos. O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar estudos publicados nos últimos 20 anos pra compilar o conhecimento disponível acerca da ocorrência de transtorno do estresse pós-traumático (TEPT) após terremotos. A revisão também descreve outras complicações psiquiátricas que podem estar associadas a terremotos, oferecendo aos leitores um melhor entendimento geral sobre o assunto, e discute vários fatores sociodemográficos que podem estar associados com TEPT pós-terremoto. Métodos Foi realizada uma busca de literatura nas principais bases de dados, como MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE e PsycINFO, e também em revistas de neurologia e psiquiatria, e vários outros periódicos médicos. Os termos usados nas buscas eletrônicas incluíram, mas não se limitaram a, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), posttraumatic symptoms, anxiety, depression, major depressive disorder, earthquake e natural disaster. As informações relevantes foram então utilizadas para determinar as relações entre terremotos e sintomas de estresse pós-traumático. Resultados A revisão revelou que o TEPT é a condição de saúde mental mais comum em sobreviventes de terremoto. Depressão maior, transtorno de ansiedade generalizada, transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo, fobia social e fobias específicas foram outras condições encontrados. Conclusão A prevalência de TEPT variou bastante. O transtorno foi dependente de múltiplos fatores de risco em populações-alvo e também do intervalo de tempo decorrido entre a exposição ao incidente fatal e a avaliação. As mulheres pareceram ser o grupo mais amplamente afetado, ao passo que idosos e crianças demonstração considerável impacto psicossocial.


Subject(s)
Humans , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/etiology , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology , Disasters , Earthquakes , Survivors/psychology
11.
Trends psychiatry psychother. (Impr.) ; 39(2): 116-123, Apr.-June 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-904576

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction This study investigated the association between resilience and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among Brazilian victims of urban violence. It also compared defense mechanisms, parental bonding, and childhood trauma between those who developed PTSD and those who did not. Methods This cross-sectional case-control study included 66 adult subjects exposed to recent urban violence in southern Brazil - 33 with PTSD and 33 healthy controls matched by sex and age - who were administered the Resilience Scale, Defense Style Questionnaire, Parental Bonding Instrument, and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. The statistical tests used were the McNemar test for categorical variables, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for continuous asymmetric variables, and the paired Student t-test for continuous symmetric variables. Results The PTSD group showed lower total Resilience Scale scores compared with controls (128.4±20.7 vs. 145.8±13.1, respectively; p = 0.01), along with a lower ability to solve situations and lower personal values that give meaning to life (p = 0.019). They also had lower rates of mature defense mechanisms (p < 0.001) and higher rates of emotional (p = 0.001) and physical (p = 0.003) abuse during childhood. Conclusion Lower levels of resilience, especially the ability to solve situations and having personal values that give meaning to life, immature defense mechanisms, and emotional and physical abuse in childhood are associated with PTSD in adult Brazilian victims of urban violence.


Resumo Introdução Este estudo investigou a associação entre resiliência e transtorno de estresse pós-traumático (TEPT) entre vítimas brasileiras de violência urbana. Comparou os mecanismos de defesa, vínculos parentais e trauma infantil entre vítimas que desenvolveram TEPT e vítimas que não desenvolveram o transtorno. Métodos Estudo de caso-controle transversal que incluiu 66 sujeitos adultos expostos à violência urbana no sul do Brasil. Foram avaliados 33 pacientes com TEPT e 33 controles saudáveis pareados por sexo e idade, que responderam a Escala de Resiliência, Questionário do Estilo Defensivo, Instrumento de Ligação Parental e Questionário sobre Traumas Infantis. Os testes estatísticos utilizados foram o teste de McNemar para variáveis categóricas, teste Wilcoxon para variáveis assimétricas contínuas e teste tde Student pareado para variáveis simétricas contínuas. Resultados O grupo que desenvolveu TEPT apresentou escores totais da Escala de Resiliência mais baixos em relação aos controles (128,4±20,7 versus145,8±13,1, respectivamente; p = 0,01), juntamente com uma menor capacidade em resolver situações e menores índices de valores pessoais que dão sentido à vida (p = 0,019). Também apresentaram taxas mais baixas de uso de mecanismos de defesas maduros (p < 0,001) e maiores taxas de abuso emocional (p = 0,001) e físico (p = 0,003) durante a infância. Conclusão Níveis mais baixos de resiliência, especialmente a capacidade de resolver situações e ter valores pessoais que dão sentido à vida, mecanismos imaturos de defesa e abuso físico e emocional na infância estão associados ao TEPT em adultos vítimas de violência urbana no Brasil.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/etiology , Violence , Crime Victims/psychology , Resilience, Psychological , Parent-Child Relations , Brazil , Case-Control Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Adult Survivors of Child Abuse/psychology , Neuropsychological Tests , Object Attachment
12.
Rev. bras. med. trab ; 15(1): 42-53, jan.-mar. 2017.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-833587

ABSTRACT

Contexto: Essa pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a história de vida e trabalho dos bancários vítimas de sequestro e suas consequências psicossociais e laborais por meio da investigação das características da organização do trabalho bancário. Objetivo: Compreender, a partir da perspectiva dos bancários vítimas, o que significou a experiência do sequestro e apresentar propostas de promoção de saúde para essa população em risco. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa a partir de entre-vistas em profundidade com quatro bancários vítimas de sequestro. As entrevistas foram transcritas pela pesquisadora com auxílio de um programa conhecido como VoiceNote II. Resultados: Os resultados obtidos demonstram o impacto psicossocial negativo do sequestro na vida das vítimas, agravado pelo inadequado manejo dessas ocorrências por parte dos bancos, intensificando as manifestações de transtornos psíquicos após o evento traumático. Conclusão: Este estudo espera contribuir para discussões com os atores sociais implicados e na revisão das formas de gestão e organização do trabalho dos bancos com vistas à preservação da segurança e saúde dos bancários. A gravidade desse tipo de violência ao trabalhador deveria também receber maior atenção da saúde e segurança públicas.


Background: The aim of the present study was to analyze the life and work history of bank employees who were victims of kidnapping and the psychosocial and work-related consequences of this event by investigating the characteristics of the organization of bank work. Aims: To understand what the experience of being kidnapped meant to the victims from their perspective and to describe proposals for health promotion targeting this high-risk population. Method: The present qualitative study was based on in-depth interviews conducted with four bank employees who were kidnapping victims. The interviews were transcribed by the investigator using program VoiceNote II. Results: The results demonstrate the negative psychosocial impact of kidnapping on the victims' lives, made even worse by the bank inadequate handling of these occurrences, resulting in intensification of the manifestations of psychic disorders after the traumatic event. Conclusion: The authors hope to contribute to discussions with the social actors involved, as well as to the revision of management and organization of work in banks so as to preserve the safety and health of bank employees. The severity of this type of violence against workers should also receive greater attention from public health and safety agencies.


Subject(s)
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/etiology , Occupational Health , Safety Management/standards , Crime/psychology , Psychosocial Impact
13.
Cad. saúde pública ; 31(12): 2523-2534, Dez. 2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-772094

ABSTRACT

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é estimar a magnitude de transtorno do estresse pós-traumático (TEPT) no puerpério em uma maternidade de referência para agravos perinatais e identificar subgrupos vulneráveis. Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado uma maternidade de alto risco fetal no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, com 456 mulheres que realizaram o parto na instituição. O Trauma History Questionnaire e o Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist foram utilizados para captar experiências traumáticas e sintomas de TEPT, respectivamente. A prevalência geral de TEPT foi de 9,4%. O TEPT mostrou-se mais prevalente entre mulheres com três ou mais partos, que tiveram recém-nascido com Apgar no 1º minuto menor ou igual a sete, com histórico de agravo mental antes ou durante a gravidez, com depressão pós-parto, que sofreram violência física ou psicológica perpetrada por parceiro íntimo na gravidez, que tiveram experiência sexual não desejada e que foram expostas a cinco ou mais traumas. Rápido diagnóstico e tratamento são fundamentais para melhorar a qualidade de vida da mulher e a saúde do recém-nascido.


Resumen El propósito de este artículo es estimar la magnitud del trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT) en el período post-parto, en una maternidad de referencia para los problemas perinatales e identificar subgrupos vulnerables. Se trata de un estudio transversal, realizado en una maternidad de alto riesgo fetal de Río de Janeiro, Brasil, a con 456 mujeres que habían realizado parto en la institución. Trauma History Questionnaire y Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist se utilizaron para capturar experiencias traumáticas y síntomas de TEPT, respectivamente. La prevalencia global de TEPT fue del 9,4%. El TEPT fue más frecuente entre las mujeres con tres o más partos, que tuvieron niños con Apgar en el minuto 1 inferior o igual a siete, con un historial de lesión mental antes o durante el embarazo, con depresión posparto, que sufrieron violencia física o psicológica perpetrada por su pareja durante el embarazo, que tuvieron experiencia sexual no deseada durante la infancia y que fueron expuestas a cinco o más traumas. Diagnóstico precoz y el tratamiento son fundamental para mejora en la calidad de las mujeres de la vida y la salud del recién nacido.


Abstract The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a maternity hospital for fetal high-risk pregnancies and to identify vulnerable subgroups. This was a cross-sectional study at a fetal high-risk maternity hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with a sample of 456 women who had given birth at this hospital. The Trauma History Questionnaire and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist were used to screen for lifetime traumatic events and PTSD symptoms, respectively. Overall prevalence of PTSD was 9.4%. Higher PTSD prevalence was associated with three or more births, a newborn with a 1-minute Apgar score of seven or less, history of mental disorder prior to or during the index pregnancy, postpartum depression, physical or psychological intimate partner violence during the pregnancy, a history of unwanted sexual experience, and lifetime exposure to five or more traumas. Rapid diagnosis and treatment of PTSD are essential to improve the mother’s quality of life and the infant’s health.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Obstetric Labor Complications/psychology , Postpartum Period/psychology , Pregnancy Complications/psychology , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/etiology , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology
14.
Rev. latinoam. enferm. (Online) ; 23(5): 855-864, Sept.-Oct. 2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-763270

ABSTRACT

Objective: to identify the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder, trait and state anxiety, and intimate partner violence during pregnancy.Method: observational, cross-sectional study developed with 358 pregnant women. The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist - Civilian Version was used, as well as the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and an adapted version of the instrument used in the World Health Organization Multi-country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence.Results: after adjusting to the multiple logistic regression model, intimate partner violence, occurred during pregnancy, was associated with the indication of posttraumatic stress disorder. The adjusted multiple linear regression models showed that the victims of violence, in the current pregnancy, had higher symptom scores of trait and state anxiety than non-victims.Conclusion: recognizing the intimate partner violence as a clinically relevant and identifiable risk factor for the occurrence of anxiety disorders during pregnancy can be a first step in the prevention thereof.


Objetivo: identificar a relação entre transtorno de estresse pós-traumático, ansiedade-traço e estado e violência por parceiro íntimo, durante a gestação.Método: estudo observacional e transversal, desenvolvido com 358 gestantes. Foram utilizados o Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist - Civilian Version, o Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado e uma versão adaptada do instrumento usado no World Health Organization Multi-country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence.Resultados: após se ajustar ao modelo de regressão logística múltipla, a violência por parceiro íntimo, ocorrida durante a gestação, associou-se com o indicativo de transtorno de estresse pós-traumático. Os modelos de regressão linear múltipla ajustados evidenciaram que as vítimas de violência, na atual gestação, apresentaram maiores escores dos sintomas de ansiedade-traço e estado do que as não vítimas.Conclusão: reconhecer a violência por parceiro íntimo como um fator de risco clinicamente relevante e identificável, para a ocorrência de transtornos ansiosos, durante a gestação, pode ser um primeiro passo na prevenção desses problemas.


Objetivos: identificar la relación entre el trastorno de estrés postraumático, ansiedad estado-rasgo y la convivencia con pareja íntima violenta durante el embarazo.Método: estudio observacional y transversal, desarrollado con 358 mujeres embarazadas. Fueran utilizados el Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist - Civilian Version, el Inventario de Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo y una versión adaptada del instrumento utilizado por World Health Organization Multi-country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence.Resultados: después de ajustar el modelo de regresión logística múltiple, el comportamiento violento de las parejas, que se produjo durante el embarazo, se asoció con la indicación de trastorno de estrés postraumático. Los modelos de regresión lineal múltiple ajustados evidenciaron que las víctimas de violencia, en el embarazo actual, tenían una puntuación más alta de síntomas de ansiedad estado-rasgo que las que no son o no fueran víctimas de violencia.Conclusión: reconocer que la pareja íntima violenta es factor de riesgo clínicamente relevante e identificable para la aparición de los trastornos de ansiedad durante el embarazo y que puede ser un primer paso en la prevención de esos problemas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Anxiety Disorders/etiology , Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology , Pregnancy Complications/etiology , Pregnancy Complications/epidemiology , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/etiology , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology , Intimate Partner Violence/statistics & numerical data , Nursing Staff/education , Pregnancy Complications/psychology , Vocational Education , Cross-Sectional Studies
15.
Cad. saúde pública ; 31(5): 981-988, 05/2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-749074

ABSTRACT

The study aimed to investigate the associations between physical inactivity and health complaints in relation to posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms, behavioral and nutritional factors, and sense of coherence (SOC) in eighth-grade girls enrolled in secondary schools in Kaunas, Lithuania. A random sample of girls (N = 862) was interviewed anonymously on health complaints, physical activity level, PTS symptoms, Antonovsky’s SOC scale, health behaviors, and dietary patterns. All health complaints were significantly associated with physical inactivity. Crude odds ratio (OR) for physical inactivity and health complaints was 1.67 (95%CI: 1.09-2.56); after adjusting for PTS symptoms, the OR decreased to 1.57 (95%CI: 0.95-2.45); further adjustment for smoking, daily alcohol intake, daily consumption of fresh vegetables, and SOC decreased the OR to 1.25 (95%CI: 0.76-2.04). The effect of PTS symptoms and sense of coherence remained stable after all adjustments. The significant association between physical inactivity and health complaints was mediated by PTS symptoms.


O estudo tem como objetivo investigar a associação entre queixas de inatividade e saúde física em relação ao transtorno do estresse pós-traumático (TEPT), sintomas comportamentais e fatores nutricionais, bem como o senso de coerência (SOC) entre alunas da oitava série. Uma amostra aleatória de alunas (N = 862) foi entrevistada anonimamente sobre: queixas de saúde, nível de atividade física, sintomas de TEPT, escala SOC de Antonovsky, comportamentos de saúde e padrões alimentares. Todas as queixas de saúde foram significativamente associadas à inatividade física. A razão de odds (OR) não ajustada de inatividade física para queixas de saúde foi de 1,67 (IC95%: 1,09-2,56), e após o ajuste para os sintomas de TEPT reduziu para 1,57 (IC95%: 0,95-2,45); somado-se o ajuste para tabagismo, ingestão de álcool diária, legumes frescos e redução da escala SOC, houve diminuição da OR para 1.25 (IC95%: 0,76-2,04). Observou-se uma associação significativa entre as queixas de inatividade e de saúde física, mediadas pelos sintomas de TEPT.


El objetivo del estudio fue investigar la asociación entre inactividad física y molestias de salud en relación con síntomas de estrés postraumático (SEP), factores nutricionales y de comportamiento, así como el sentido de coherencia (SDC) entre las niñas de octavo grado. Una muestra aleatoria de las niñas (N = 862) fueron entrevistadas de forma anónima sobre las quejas de salud, el nivel de actividad física, los SEP, escala SOC de Antonovsky, conductas de salud, los hábitos alimentarios. Todas las quejas de salud se asociaron significativamente con la inactividad física. El odds ratio (OR) no ajustado de la inactividad física para las quejas de salud fue de 1,67 (IC95%: 1,09-2,56), después del ajuste para los SEP se redujo a 1,57 (IC95%: 0,95-2,45); tras los ajustes debidos al tabaco, bebidas alcohólicas diarias, verduras frescas, el SDC disminuyó a 1,25 (IC95%: 0,76-2,04). Se encontró una asociación significativa entre la inactividad y las quejas de salud fueron medidas por los SEP.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Exercise , Sedentary Behavior , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/etiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Health Surveys , Lithuania , Mental Disorders/psychology , Nutrition Assessment , Schools , Self Report , Sense of Coherence , Surveys and Questionnaires , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis
17.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 19(3): 685-694, mar. 2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-705939

ABSTRACT

This analysis examined the contribution of personal, family (maternal and paternal support; sibling support) and extra-familiar (peer support; other adults) resilience to the prediction of clinical levels of PTSD symptoms in adolescents reporting sexual abuse. Controls were established for abuse-related variables (type of abuse, severity and multiple abuse) in a representative sample of high schools students in the province of Quebec. A total of 15.2% of adolescent females and 4.4% adolescent males in high school reported a history of sexual abuse in childhood. Sexually abused adolescent females (27.8%) were more likely than adolescent males (14.9%) to achieve scores with high clinical levels of PTSD. Hierarchical logistic regression revealed that over and above the characteristics of the sexual abuse experienced, resilience factors (maternal and peer support) contributed to the prediction of symptoms of PTSD attaining the clinical threshold. Alternative intervention and prevention practices geared to adolescent victims of sexual assault are discussed.


A presente análise explorou a contribuição da resiliência pessoal, familiar (apoio maternal e paternal, o apoio irmão) e extra-familiar (apoio dos pares, outro adulto) para a previsão de níveis clínicos de sintomas de Síndrome do Estresse Pós-Traumático (PTSD) em adolescentes que relataram abuso sexual, controlando-se variá veis relacionadas com o abuso (tipo de abuso, gravidade e abuso múltipla) em amostra representativa de alunos das escolas da província de Quebec. O total de 15,2% das meninas e 4,4 % dos meninos do ensino médio relataram uma história de abuso sexual infantil. Meninas abusadas sexualmente (27,8%) eram mais propensas, comparadas aos meninos (14,9%), para obter pontuação atingindo níveis clínicos de PTSD. A regressão logística hierárquica revelou que, para além das características do abuso sexual sofrido, fatores de resiliência (suporte materno e apoio dos pares) contribuíram para a predição de sintomas de PTSD que atingiram o limite clínico. São discutidas alternativas práticas de intervenção e de prevenção direcionadas a adolescentes vítimas de abuso sexual.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Male , Adaptation, Psychological , Child Abuse, Sexual/psychology , Parents , Social Support , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/etiology , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/prevention & control
18.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 36(1): 89-94, Jan-Mar. 2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-702629

ABSTRACT

Objective: To understand the risks of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) development in the next generation of PTSD patients, we conducted a review on the biological, but not genetic, evidence of transgenerational transmission of PTSD vulnerability. Methods: Pertinent articles published from 1985 to September 2011 were searched using online academic search engines, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, OVID, PsycLIT, and SCOPUS, and a non-systematic review was conducted. Results: There is paradoxical evidence that hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis changes in PTSD patients may also be evident in their offspring. This effect and biological vulnerability to PTSD may be transmitted across generations through maternal epigenetic programming during pregnancy. The samples of most studies, which were not large enough and represented the outcome of few research groups, consisted of a specific type of patients with a particular trauma. Conclusions: There is still a need to conduct studies in other geographical areas with different genetic background and larger samples considering different types of trauma other than those specified in the current literature, so as to strengthen the evidence of transgenerational transmission of PTSD vulnerability. .


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Pregnancy , Hydrocortisone/analysis , Intergenerational Relations , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/etiology , Adult Children , Holocaust/psychology , Life Change Events , Risk Factors , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/genetics , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology , Violence/psychology
19.
Trends psychiatry psychother. (Impr.) ; 35(4): 292-298, dez. 2013. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-698108

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) contemplates the impact of acute traumatic events, but the literature indicates that this is not true for chronic exposure to stress. In this sense, the category disorders of extreme stress not otherwise specified (DESNOS) has been proposed to characterize the behavior and cognitive alterations derived from exposure to continuous early life stress. The Structured Interview for Disorders of Extreme Stress - Revised (SIDES-R) was developed to investigate and measure DESNOS. Considering the lack of instruments designed to assess DESNOS, especially in Brazil, the aim of this study was to translate, adapt, and validate the contents of SIDES-R to Brazilian Portuguese (SIDES-R-BR). METHOD: The original interview was subjected to translation, back-translation, semantic equivalence and conceptual correspondence analyses by naive and specialized judges, respectively, an acceptability trial, and inter-rater validity analysis. RESULTS: The interview underwent semantic and structural adaptations considering the Brazilian culture. The final version, SIDES-R-BR, showed a mean understanding score of 4.98 on a 5-point verbal rating scale, in addition to a kappa coefficient of 0.853. CONCLUSION: SIDES-R-BR may be a useful tool in the investigation of DESNOS and contributes a valuable input to clinical research in Brazil. The availability of the instrument allows to test symptoms with adequate reliability, as verified by the kappa coefficient and translation steps (AU)


INTRODUÇÃO: O transtorno do estresse pós-traumático (posttraumatic stress disorder, PTSD) contempla o impacto de eventos traumáticos agudos, mas a literatura indica que o mesmo não se aplica a exposição crônica ao estresse. Nesse sentido, foi proposta a categoria transtornos de estresse extremo não especificados (disorders of extreme stress not otherwise specified, DESNOS). Com o objetivo de investigar e medir as alterações comportamentais e cognitivas relacionadas ao diagnóstico de DESNOS, foi desenvolvida a Structured Interview for Disorders of Extreme Stress - Revised (SIDES-R). Considerando a falta de instrumentos construídos para avaliar DESNOS, especialmente no Brasil, o objetivo deste estudo foi traduzir, adaptar e validar os conteúdos da SIDES-R para português brasileiro (SIDES-R-BR). MÉTODO: A entrevista original foi submetida a tradução, retrotradução, análise de equivalência semântica e correspondência conceitual por avaliadores leigos e especializados, respectivamente. Foi realizado teste de aceitabilidade e análise de validade interavaliadores. RESULTADOS: A entrevista passou por adaptações semânticas e estruturais considerando a cultura brasileira. A versão final, SIDES-R-BR, demonstrou um escore médio de compreensão de 4,98 em uma escala de avaliação verbal de 5 pontos, além de um coeficiente de kappa de 0,853. CONCLUSÃO: O SIDES-R-BR pode ser uma ferramenta útil na investigação de DESNOS e contribui com um input valioso para a pesquisa clínica no Brasil. A disponibilidade do instrumento permite testar sintomas com confiabilidade adequada, conforme verificado por meio do coeficiente de kappa e etapas de tradução (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis , Surveys and Questionnaires , Stress Disorders, Traumatic/psychology , Psychometrics , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/etiology , Translations , Brazil , Child Abuse/psychology , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Reproducibility of Results , Adult Survivors of Child Abuse/psychology , Human Development , Life Change Events
20.
Ter. psicol ; 29(2): 175-183, dic. 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-612257

ABSTRACT

Esta investigación evalúa un programa grupal narrativo para la prevención de sintomatología postraumática y otras variables asociadas en mujeres recientemente diagnosticadas con cáncer de mama. Para ello se seleccionó a 32 mujeres diagnosticadas en los Hospitales Higueras de Talcahuano y Regional de Concepción; 14 de ellas fueron asignadas al grupo experimental y 18 al grupo control. Los resultados indican que el programa fue efectivo en la reducción de la sintomatología postraumática, sintomatología depresiva y sintomatología somática. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la variable autoestima. Los puntajes obtenidos en sintomatología postraumática seguían descendiendo a los tres meses de seguimiento. Se analizan alcances y limitaciones de este estudio.


This study evaluates a group program narrative for the prevention of post-traumatic symptomatology and other associate variables in women recently diagnosed with breast cancer. 32 women diagnosed with this pathology in two Hospitals: Higueras of Talcahuano and Regional of Concepción were selected; 14 of them were assigned to experimental group and 18 to the control group. Results indicate that the program was effective in the reduction of the post-traumatic, depressive and somatic symptomatology. There were not significant differences in the self-esteem variable. The scores obtained in post-traumatic symptomatology continued descending three months follow up. The reaches and limitations of this study are analyzed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Narration , Breast Neoplasms/psychology , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/prevention & control , Life Change Events , Adaptation, Psychological , Follow-Up Studies , Socioeconomic Factors , Breast Neoplasms/therapy , Psychotherapy, Group , Surveys and Questionnaires , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/etiology
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